Install WordPress On Top Of The Bitnami NGINX Stack

Introduction

If you’re interested in creating a personal or small business blog, chances are that you’re going to use WordPress. WordPress is one of the most popular blogging platforms in the world, used on over 60 million websites (according to Wikipedia). And it is not hard to see why: WordPress is very easy to use, comes with thousands of extensions and themes, is completely free, and is open source.

NGINX is an open source web server that helps developers to improve the security, performance and reliability of their applications. And not only that, it can also function as a proxy server for email (IMAP, POP3, and SMTP) and a reverse proxy and load balancer for HTTP, TCP, and UDP servers.

This guide walks you through the process of installing WordPress on top of a running NGINX server.

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Assumptions and prerequisites

This guide makes the following assumptions:

You have a basic understanding of NGINX.
You have a Bitnami stack installed with an NGINX server - for example, the Bitnami NGINX Stack.

Step 1: Prepare your NGINX server

This step consists of preparing your NGINX server for WordPress. To do so, follow the instructions below:

Approach A: Bitnami installations using system packages

Download the latest version of WordPress and extract the files to the /opt/bitnami/wordpress/ directory:
```
cd /tmp
wget https://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz
sudo tar xfvz latest.tar.gz -C /opt/bitnami/
```

Run the following commands to assign the necessary directory permissions:

sudo chown -R bitnami:daemon /opt/bitnami/wordpress
sudo chmod -R g+w /opt/bitnami/wordpress

Create and edit the /opt/bitnami/nginx/conf/server_blocks/wordpress-server-block.conf file and add the configuration block shown below:

  server {
    listen 80 default_server;
    root /opt/bitnami/wordpress;
    # Catch-all server block
    # See: https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/server_names.html#miscellaneous_names
    server_name _;

    index index.php;

    location / {
      try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?q=$uri&$args;
    }

    if (!-e $request_filename)
    {
      rewrite ^/(.+)$ /index.php?q=$1 last;
    }

    include  "/opt/bitnami/nginx/conf/bitnami/*.conf";
  }

Create and edit the /opt/bitnami/nginx/conf/server_blocks/wordpress-https-server-block.conf file and add the configuration block shown below:

  server {
      # Port to listen on, can also be set in IP:PORT format
      listen 443 ssl default_server;
      root /opt/bitnami/wordpress;
      # Catch-all server block
      # See: https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/server_names.html#miscellaneous_names
      server_name _;
      ssl_certificate      bitnami/certs/server.crt;
      ssl_certificate_key  bitnami/certs/server.key;
      location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?q=$uri&$args;
      }
      if (!-e $request_filename)
      {
        rewrite ^/(.+)$ /index.php?q=$1 last;
      }
      include  "/opt/bitnami/nginx/conf/bitnami/*.conf";
  }

Restart NGINX:

sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh restart nginx

Approach B: Self-contained Bitnami installations

Create a directory for the WordPress installation:

cd /opt/bitnami/apps
sudo mkdir wordpress
sudo mkdir wordpress/conf

Download the latest version of WordPress and extract the files to the /opt/bitnami/wordpress/ directory:

cd /tmp
wget https://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz
sudo tar xfvz latest.tar.gz -C /opt/bitnami/apps/wordpress
  sudo mv /opt/bitnami/apps/wordpress/wordpress /opt/bitnami/apps/wordpress/htdocs/

Run the following commands to assign the necessary directory permissions:

sudo chown -R bitnami:daemon /opt/bitnami/apps/wordpress/
sudo chmod -R g+w /opt/bitnami/apps/wordpress/

Create and edit the /opt/bitnami/apps/wordpress/conf/nginx-prefix.conf file and add the configuration block shown below:

  location / {
    alias "/opt/bitnami/apps/wordpress/htdocs/";
    include "/opt/bitnami/apps/wordpress/conf/nginx-app.conf";
  }

Create and edit the /opt/bitnami/apps/wordpress/conf/nginx-app.conf file and add the content below to it. This is the main configuration file for your application, so modify it further depending on your application’s requirements.

  if (!-e $request_filename)
  {
    rewrite ^/(.+)$ /index.php?q=$1 last;
  }
  index index.php index.html index.htm;
  location ~ \.php$ {
    fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
    fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
    fastcgi_pass unix:/opt/bitnami/php/var/run/www.sock;
    fastcgi_index index.php;
    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME $request_filename;
    include fastcgi_params;
  }

Add the following line to the end of the /opt/bitnami/nginx/conf/bitnami/bitnami-apps-prefix.conf file:
```
  include "/opt/bitnami/apps/wordpress/conf/nginx-prefix.conf";
```

Restart the NGINX server:

sudo /opt/bitnami/ctlscript.sh restart nginx

Step 2: Create and configure the WordPress database

Create a database for WordPress.

mysql -u root -p
  create database bitnami_wordpress;

  > NOTE: When you connect to the MySQL database server,

you will be prompted to enter the *root* user password.

This is the same as the [application password]

(/aws/faq/get-started/find-credentials/).

Create a database user for WordPress.

  create user 'bn_wordpress'@'localhost' identified by 'WORDPRESS-PASSWORD';
  grant all privileges on bitnami_wordpress.* to 'bn_wordpress'@'localhost';
  exit

Keep in mind that you must replace the WORDPRESS-PASSWORD placeholder with a user-defined password.

Step 3: Install WordPress

Browse to http://SERVER-IP to launch the WordPress Web configuration wizard. Simply follow the steps as prompted by the wizard. Click the “Let’s go” button to start the wizard.

Use the credentials specified earlier when asked for the database configuration and application credentials, as below:

  Database Name: bitnami_wordpress
  User Name: bn_wordpress
  Password:  WORDPRESS-PASSWORD
  Database Host: localhost
  Table Prefix: wp_

Wait for the database connection to be checked. Click the “Run the installation” button.
End the WordPress installation process by filling in the information needed for the site title and administrator account. Click the “Install WordPress” button.

IMPORTANT: Use the credentials specified earlier when creating the database user for WordPress. Remember that you must replace the WORDPRESS-PASSWORD placeholder with the same password you defined when creating the database user for WordPress.

Step 4: Configure WordPress plugin authentication and security

The last step is to make some changes to the WordPress configuration file.

Approach A: Bitnami installations using system packages

Once the installation process is complete, run the following command to disable FTP authentication for plugin installation:
```
sudo echo "define ( 'FS_METHOD', 'direct' );" >> /opt/bitnami/wordpress/wp-config.php
```

Change the permissions of the wp-config.file file:

sudo chmod 640 /opt/bitnami/wordpress/wp-config.php
sudo chown bitnami:daemon /opt/bitnami/wordpress/wp-config.php

Check the application has been installed by browsing to the IP address of your NGINX Web server. You should see the screen below:

WordPress is now installed. Once installed, you can access the public WordPress site at any time by browsing to the IP address of your NGINX Web server at http://SERVER-IP, and you can access the WordPress administration panel by browsing to http://SERVER-IP/wp-admin.

Approach B: Self-contained Bitnami installations

Once the installation process is complete, run the following command to disable FTP authentication for plugin installation:
```
sudo echo "define ( 'FS_METHOD', 'direct' );" >> /opt/bitnami/apps/wordpress/htdocs/wp-config.php
```

Change the permissions of the wp-config.file file:

sudo chmod 640 /opt/bitnami/apps/wordpress/htdocs/wp-config.php
sudo chown bitnami:daemon /opt/bitnami/apps/wordpress/htdocs/wp-config.php

Check the application has been installed by browsing to the IP address of your NGINX Web server. You should see the screen below:

WordPress is now installed. Once installed, you can access the public WordPress website at any time by browsing to the IP address of your NGINX Web server at http://SERVER-IP, and you can access the WordPress administration panel by browsing to http://SERVER-IP/wp-admin.

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How to Install WordPress On Top Of The Bitnami NGINX Stack

Install WordPress On Top Of The Bitnami NGINX Stack

Introduction

Assumptions and prerequisites

Step 1: Prepare your NGINX server

Approach A: Bitnami installations using system packages

Approach B: Self-contained Bitnami installations

Step 2: Create and configure the WordPress database

Step 3: Install WordPress

Step 4: Configure WordPress plugin authentication and security

Approach A: Bitnami installations using system packages

Approach B: Self-contained Bitnami installations

Thanks

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